Toe-Walking Attributable to Venous Malformation of the Calf Muscle
Authors: Domb BG, Khanna AJ, Mitchell SE, Frassica FJ
DOI: 10.1097/00003086-200403000-00032
Purpose
To report and characterize cases of toe-walking caused by venous malformations in the gastrocnemius muscle, and discuss treatment options.
Methods
Analysis of three pediatric patients presenting with unilateral toe-walking linked to calf muscle venous malformations, with review of imaging and interventions.
Key Findings
- Venous malformations in leg flexors can cause contracture and equinus deformity resulting in toe-walking.
- Imaging (MRI, ultrasound) is critical for diagnosis.
- Treatments include sclerotherapy and surgery for severe cases.
Conclusion
Venous malformations should be included in differential diagnosis of persistent unilateral toe-walking, with image-guided sclerotherapy as a minimally invasive treatment.
What Does This Mean for Providers?
Consider vascular anomalies in children with unexplained toe-walking. Early imaging facilitates diagnosis, and minimally invasive interventions may reduce morbidity compared to surgery.